Xysmalobium undulatum (L.) W.T. Aiton

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Luwawa Forest Reserve, Viphya

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Synonyms:	Asclepias undulata L. Gomphocarpus undulatus (L.) Schltr.
Common names:	Milkwort (English)
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	Robust erect perennial herb, up to 1.5 m tall. Stems hairy with milky sap. Leaves opposite, lanceolate-elliptic, 8-27 cm long, hairy; margin often reddish-purple rimmed, very wavy. Flowers in dense axillary umbel-like inflorescences, creamy-green to yellowish, often tinged purple-brown. Corolla lobes erect with recurved tips, densely fringed with white hairs. Fruit single or paired follicles, up to 10 × 5 cm, inflated, covered in curled bristly hairs.
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:	undulatum: undulate, wavy
Habitat:	In moist grassland and vleis
Altitude range:
Flowering time:	Oct - Jan
Worldwide distribution:	Botswana, Namibia, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa.
Malawi distribution:	N,C,S
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Content last updated:	Friday 24 July 2015
Literature:	Binns, B. (1968). A First Check List of the Herbaceous Flora of Malawi The Government Printer, Zomba, Malawi Page 20. as Asclepias reflexa Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 75. (Includes a picture). Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 59. Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 27. Goyder, D.J., Gilbert, M.G. & Venter, H.J.T. (2020). Apocynaceae (Part 2) Flora Zambesiaca 7(2) Pages 315 - 317. (Includes a picture). Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 22. Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 27. Setshogo, M.P. (2005). Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Sabonet Report no. 37. Sabonet, Pretoria and Gaborone Page 30.

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Flora of Botswana: Xysmalobium undulatum
Flora of Burundi: Xysmalobium undulatum
Flora of Mozambique: Xysmalobium undulatum
Flora of Zambia: Xysmalobium undulatum
Flora of Zimbabwe: Xysmalobium undulatum

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Xysmalobium undulatum
African Plant Database: Xysmalobium undulatum
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Xysmalobium undulatum
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Xysmalobium undulatum
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Xysmalobium undulatum
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iNaturalist: Xysmalobium undulatum
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Xysmalobium undulatum
JSTOR Plant Science: Xysmalobium undulatum
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Xysmalobium undulatum
Plants of the World Online: Xysmalobium undulatum
Tropicos: Xysmalobium undulatum
Wikipedia: Xysmalobium undulatum