Cirsium buchwaldii O.Hoffm.

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Luwawa Forest Reserve, Viphya, Mzimba.

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Synonyms:
Common names:
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	A robust spiny, perennial herb growing from a thick rhizome with numerous white fleshy roots. Stems simple, up to c. 2 m tall, sparingly branched above, longitudinally winged, white woolly above; wings interrupted, with spiny teeth. Leaves numerous, decurrent on the stem and in a basal rosette; basal leaves very narrowly elliptic, up to c. 30 cm long, pinnately-lobed, less deeply cut than leaves along the stem, lobes with spiny teeth; stem leaves discolorous, ascending-appressed, elliptic to lanceolate in outline, mostly c. 8–10 cm long, pinnately lobed with the lobes usually split into 2 narrowly triangular spine-tipped segments, green above and thinly woolly at first becoming rough, densely white woolly beneath often with brownish veins. Capitula 3–10, in a loose terminal head; involucral bracts leathery, from c. 4 mm long and narrowly ovate outside to 16–20 mm long and linear-lanceolate inside; outer bracts with an apical spine and strongly pectinate-ciliate margins, spines and cilia smaller in inner series of bracts. Corollas white to pinkish-blue, hairless, 14–16.5 mm long. Achenes straw-coloured or pale-brown, narrowly obovoid, c. 4.5 mm long, smooth and shiny, obscurely 3–4-angled; pappus with numerous plumose setae 10–13 mm. long.
Notes:	See Carduus nyassanus for comparison.
Derivation of specific name:
Habitat:	in marshy areas in montane grassland.
Altitude range:
Flowering time:
Worldwide distribution:	Rwanda, Uganda, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and northern Zambia.
Malawi distribution:	N
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Content last updated:	Wednesday 3 April 2019
Literature:	Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 87. (Includes a picture). Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 29. Pope, G.V. (1992). Compositae Flora Zambesiaca 6(1) Pages 51 - 53. (Includes a picture).

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Flora of Burundi: Cirsium buchwaldii
Flora of Zambia: Cirsium buchwaldii

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Cirsium buchwaldii
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Cirsium buchwaldii
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Cirsium buchwaldii
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Cirsium buchwaldii
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iNaturalist: Cirsium buchwaldii
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Cirsium buchwaldii
JSTOR Plant Science: Cirsium buchwaldii
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Cirsium buchwaldii
Plants of the World Online: Cirsium buchwaldii
Tropicos: Cirsium buchwaldii
Wikipedia: Cirsium buchwaldii