Duosperma crenatum (Lindau) P.G. Mey.

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Lilongwe Wildlife Sanctuary, Lilongwe

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Synonyms:	Disperma crenatum (Lindau) Milne-Redh. Disperma parviflorum (Lindau) C.B. Clarke Disperma quadrisepalum C.B. Clarke Disperma quadrisepalum C.B. Clarke var. grandifolium S. Moore Dyschoriste quadrisepala (C.B. Clarke) Lindau Hygrophila crenata Lindau Hygrophila parviflora Lindau
Common names:
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	Erect or decumbent, somewhat scrambling shrubby perennial herb, up to c. 2 m tall. Older stems, woody with a papery, peeling bark; younger stems more or less hairy, aromatic when crushed. Leaves opposite, ovate-elliptic to somewhat obovate, 3 - 13 cm long, hairless to sparsely hairy, particularly on the veins below; margin scalloped or toothed. Petiole 1-2 cm long, conspicuously ciliate with glossy hairs. Flowers in few-many-flowered axillary clusters; outer bracts leaf-like, up to 3 × 1.5 cm. Corolla white to creamy-white with two red to purple markings on the lower lip. Fruit an obovoid capsule, 6-9 mm long.
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:	crenatum: scalloped or crenate, referring to the leaf margin.
Habitat:	In mixed deciduous woodland and scrub, alluvial grassland, in riverine vegetation and on termite mounds, often in shady places.
Altitude range:	250 - 1500 m
Flowering time:	Throughout the year
Worldwide distribution:	Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Botswana, Namibia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa.
Malawi distribution:	C,S
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Content last updated:	Monday 8 October 2018
Literature:	Heath, A. & Heath, R. (2009). Field Guide to the Plants of Northern Botswana including the Okavango Delta Kew Publishing Page 328. (Includes a picture). Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 13. Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 18. Pickering, H. & Roe, E. (2009). Wild Flowers of the Victoria Falls Area Helen Pickering, London Page 15. (Includes a picture). Setshogo, M.P. (2005). Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Sabonet Report no. 37. Sabonet, Pretoria and Gaborone Page 18. Vollesen, K. (2013). Acanthaceae (Part 1) Flora Zambesiaca 8(5) Pages 163 - 165. (Includes a picture).

Other sources of information about Duosperma crenatum:

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Flora of Botswana: Duosperma crenatum
Flora of Caprivi: Duosperma crenatum
Flora of Mozambique: Duosperma crenatum
Flora of Zambia: Duosperma crenatum
Flora of Zimbabwe: Duosperma crenatum

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Duosperma crenatum
African Plant Database: Duosperma crenatum
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Duosperma crenatum
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Duosperma crenatum
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Duosperma crenatum
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Duosperma crenatum
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Duosperma crenatum
JSTOR Plant Science: Duosperma crenatum
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Duosperma crenatum
Plants of the World Online: Duosperma crenatum
Tropicos: Duosperma crenatum
Wikipedia: Duosperma crenatum