Habenaria retinervis Summerh.

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Photo: Nicholas Wightman
Woodland bordering dambo near Chimfunsi Wildlife Orphanage c. 53 km W of Chingola

Photo: Nicholas Wightman
Woodland bordering dambo near Chimfunsi Wildlife Orphanage c. 55 km W of Chingola

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Synonyms:
Common names:
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	Terrestrial herb up to 80 cm tall growing from globose, ellipsoid or ovoid tubers 1-3 cm long; leaves 7-11, the lowermost 2-3 sheathing with white and dark green reticulate veining; largest stem leaves 5-16 x 1-3 cm, spreading, upper leaves grading into bracts; inflorescence laxly 8-30 flowered; flowers pale green or green and white; bracts scarious 10-20 mm long; ovary and pedicel 22-30 mm long, slightly arched; dorsal sepal reflexed, elliptic, 5-7 x 2.5-3 mm; lateral sepals deflexed, 7-9.5 x 4.5-6.5 mm, obliquely obovate with lateral apiculum; petals 2-lobed almost to base, upper lobe11-14 x 1 mm, lanceolate, lower lobes spreading, 9-11.5 x 1-2.5 mm, lanceolate; lip deflexed, 3-lobed almost to base; mid-lobe 11-14 x 1 mm, linear; side lobes 7.5-11 x 1.5 mm, narrowly lanceolate; spur 25-32 mm long with one twist in the middle, swollen at apex, parallel to pedicel and ovary.
Notes:
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Habitat:
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Flowering time:	Jan - Feb
Worldwide distribution:	Zambia and DRC east to Tanzania and Malawi
Malawi distribution:	N,C
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Literature:	Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 328. Fibeck, W. & Dare, M. (1993). Terrestrial Orchids in Zimbabwe. Excelsa 16 Page 65. Grosvenor, R.K. (1976). A list of orchids indigenous in Rhodesia. Excelsa 6 Page 83. La Croix, I. & Cribb, P.J. (1995). Orchidaceae (Part 1) Flora Zambesiaca 11(1) Pages 103 - 104. (Includes a picture). La Croix, I. et al. (1991). Orchids of Malawi A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam Page 77. (Includes a picture). Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 96. Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 121. Summerhayes, V.S. (1962). African orchids XXVIII Kew Bulletin 16(2) Pages 290 - 292. Protologue (Includes a picture). Williamson, G. (1977). The Orchids of South Central Africa J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd., London. Pages 54 - 55. (Includes a picture).

Other sources of information about Habenaria retinervis:

Our websites:

Flora of Zambia: Habenaria retinervis
Flora of Zimbabwe: Habenaria retinervis

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Habenaria retinervis
African Plant Database: Habenaria retinervis
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Habenaria retinervis
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Habenaria retinervis
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Habenaria retinervis
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Habenaria retinervis
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Habenaria retinervis
JSTOR Plant Science: Habenaria retinervis
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Habenaria retinervis
Plants of the World Online: Habenaria retinervis
Tropicos: Habenaria retinervis
Wikipedia: Habenaria retinervis